miners

Fidelity Digital Assets recently released a research report that positively addresses concerns about the long-term impact of Bitcoin halving on network security. The report's author, Fidelity research analyst Daniel Gray, pointed out that Bitcoin network security relies not only on block rewards but also on transaction fees, market incentives, and other economic forces that continuously motivate miners to maintain network security, making the cost of sustained attacks prohibitively high.On the data front, Gray noted that despite the ongoing reduction in block subsidies, the rise in Bitcoin prices has significantly offset this impact. The average daily income of miners has increased from about $26,300 during the first halving cycle to over $40,200 today. He wrote, "Despite the decrease in issuance, miner incentives and the resulting network security have historically strengthened alongside the rise in Bitcoin prices."Since the fourth halving in April 2024, the block subsidy for miners has decreased from 6.25 to 3.125 Bitcoins per block. However, the optimistic conclusions of the report starkly contrast with the current realities faced by publicly traded mining companies. Several industry analysts describe the current environment as one of the most challenging for mining on record, due to the simultaneous decline in block rewards, rising operational costs, and increased competition.In response, several mining companies have begun to transition to the AI and high-performance computing sectors, leveraging existing power infrastructure to meet AI computing demands. VanEck estimates that publicly listed mining companies may need to raise up to $50 billion in additional funds to fully transition to AI infrastructure, but the requirements for AI data centers regarding facility standards, cooling, power redundancy, and networking are far higher than those of traditional Bitcoin mining operations, making the transition challenges significant.

According to The Block, Bitcoin miner revenue continues to decline, with the 7-day moving average dropping to about $30,000,000 per day, down from over $50,000,000 last summer. The contribution from transaction fees has become negligible, at less than $250,000 per day. The current trading price of BTC is about $62,500, significantly lower than JPMorgan's estimated production cost of around $78,000, a gap that has persisted for five months, the longest in this cycle. Production costs have historically been seen as a soft price floor, and currently, about 20% of miners are operating at a loss.Network-level pressure is becoming evident. Over the past six months, the beta value of mining difficulty relative to BTC price has risen to 0.62, with high-cost miners switching off their machines based on price fluctuations rather than continuing to operate at a loss. In the second week of June, difficulty decreased by 10%, marking the second similar adjustment this year. Publicly listed mining companies have sold over 32,000 BTC in the first quarter to cover operating costs, rather than further reducing production capacity.

Bitcoin miner revenue has continued to decline over the past year, with the current 7-day moving average daily income at approximately $30 million, significantly lower than last summer's level of over $50 million. Among this, transaction fees have dropped to less than $250,000 per day, almost negligible compared to block subsidies.Meanwhile, the price of Bitcoin is around $62,500, below JPMorgan's estimated production cost of about $78,000. This state of being below production costs has persisted for five months, the longest duration in this cycle. Historically, production costs are often seen as a soft bottom area for Bitcoin prices. Currently, it is estimated that about 20% of miners are in a loss position at the current price, and the pressure is beginning to reflect at the network level.Over the past six months, the sensitivity of mining difficulty to Bitcoin prices has risen to 0.62, indicating that high-cost miners are increasingly inclined to turn off their mining machines based on price fluctuations rather than continue mining at a loss. In the second week of June, Bitcoin mining difficulty decreased by 10%, marking the second occurrence of a similar magnitude adjustment this year. A comparable adjustment also occurred in the previous quarter, with both instances happening during periods when prices remained below production costs, indicating that pressure on the miner side is deepening.

According to CoinDesk, JPMorgan's latest report indicates that as more miners operate close to breakeven, the Bitcoin mining network is showing a higher sensitivity to price changes, with the response of hash rate and mining difficulty to price fluctuations significantly enhanced. The analysis shows that the "elasticity coefficient" of mining difficulty relative to Bitcoin price changes has risen to 0.62 over the past six months, indicating that the hash rate is responding more quickly to market changes.Analysts state that Bitcoin prices have been below production costs for five consecutive months, with approximately 20% of miners currently in a loss-making position. Under profit pressure, publicly listed mining companies have increased their Bitcoin selling scale, with sales exceeding 32,000 BTC in the first quarter alone, surpassing the total for the entire year of 2025. As some high-cost mining machines shut down, the network hash rate declines, and mining difficulty adjusts accordingly.JPMorgan expects that as long as Bitcoin remains below the production cost of about $78,000, the high sensitivity of mining to price fluctuations will continue to exist. At the same time, some mining companies are turning to artificial intelligence and high-performance computing businesses to seek more stable sources of income.

Crypto analyst Lark Davis pointed out that the current reading of the Bitcoin Puell Multiple indicator shows that the market is nearing or is in the bottom area of this cycle. This indicator measures miners' profitability by tracking the ratio of daily miner revenue to the 365-day average. Historically, when miner income remains low and they are forced to sell BTC to cover operating costs, it often corresponds to cycle lows.Davis stated that although the indicator has not yet reached the green oversold zone, signals of pressure on miners have already appeared, which historically usually marks the beginning of the end of a bear market. He also noted that the price signals in this cycle are overall milder compared to historical patterns. Davis believes that whether $59,000 can hold as the low point of this cycle will be revealed in the coming months, but current signs are becoming clearer.

Galaxy Research stated that Bitcoin miners are entering a "Miner Capitulation" phase, with the current network mining difficulty having decreased by more than 20% from its historical peak, marking the largest drawdown since the comprehensive crackdown on Bitcoin mining in China in 2021.The organization pointed out that this is the most significant decline in Bitcoin network difficulty from its peak in the past five years, reflecting that some miners are continuously exiting the network or shutting down their equipment amid a sluggish market and pressured profitability.

Oman has officially launched a national-level Bitcoin mining pool and requires all licensed cryptocurrency miners within the country to connect to this unified mining pool for operation. It is reported that the project is led by the Ministry of Transport, Communications and Information Technology of Oman, and the initial target computing power scale of the mining pool is approximately 10 EH/s.

CryptoQuant analyst Darkfost stated that after the recent rebound in Bitcoin prices, miner selling pressure has returned, as evidenced by a significant increase in miner inflows to Binance. Darkfost pointed out that miner hash rate has decreased by about 28% since the end of October last year, along with a 20% difficulty adjustment. Currently, the production cost is about $76,000 while the Bitcoin trading price is about $65,000, resulting in most miners operating at a loss and being forced to sell coins.

Bitcoin miners' daily returns have fallen to a historical low of $0.28, with net miner positions remaining negative, and institutional spot flows becoming a key variable in the market.

According to Bitcoin.com, in May, the total revenue of Bitcoin miners reached $1.086 billion, breaking the $1 billion mark for the first time since January, with block subsidies accounting for $1.079 billion and transaction fees contributing minimally. However, with the decline in Bitcoin prices, miners are facing profitability pressure.Hashrate has dropped from the 1000 EH/s range to below 975 EH/s, and daily revenue per PH/s (mining price) has decreased from $37.44 a month ago to about $30.77, a decline of 17.82%. The block output interval has extended to 10 minutes and 49 seconds, and it is expected that the network difficulty may decrease by 7.5% around June 13. The proportion of transaction fees in the block reward has rebounded from less than 0.6% to about 1.16% in the past 24 hours, providing a slight buffer for miners.

Bitcoin Treasuries.NET posted on platform X that Michael Saylor from Strategy stated that the annualized operating rate of STRC reached 24 billion dollars, which alone buys 2 to 3 times the Bitcoin output of miners. Strategy has purchased 11 billion dollars in BTC so far this year, with a buying speed that has reached 2 times the output speed of miners.

According to Bitcoin News monitoring, a transfer from the Satoshi era Bitcoin miner has appeared on the blockchain again, with an early Bitcoin miner whale transferring 2,650 BTC to institutional trading firms FalconX and Cumberland, worth approximately $203 million. The miner still holds about 6,000 BTC, valued at over $460 million.

According to Bits Media, the Russian government has expanded the scope of information that miners and mining infrastructure operators must submit to the tax authorities. Under the new regulations, the national registry of miners and operators must include network address data for equipment used in cryptocurrency mining (ASIC miners). The Russian Ministry of Finance stated that this move aims to simplify the regulation of digital asset transactions and the investigation of violations. Additionally, grid operators will be able to more accurately monitor the infrastructure load in areas with a high concentration of mining capacity.According to the law, government agencies, courts, the Bank of Russia, and grid operators can access the information in the miners' registry. The Federal Tax Service is responsible for maintaining the registry of miners and mining infrastructure operators. Under current law, miners and infrastructure operators (such as mining pools) must submit and regularly update the following information: for mining equipment, details such as manufacturer, model, serial number, algorithm, hash rate, power consumption, and operating mode. Regarding mining: the amount and type of cryptocurrency mined, mining pools, and links to online statistics.

Strategy founder Michael Saylor stated in an interview with CNBC that Bitcoin has previously fallen from a high of about $125,000 to around $60,000, hitting a bottom, and is currently entering a "spring" warming phase. The current position has good support, and he expects the market to rebound from the current level.He also pointed out that as the digital credit market forms, the new Bitcoin supply from miners is being fully absorbed by the market. He stated, "Our company may buy all the Bitcoin produced by miners from now until 2140."In addition, Saylor mentioned that the advancement of the U.S. CLARITY Act and the SEC's "innovation exemption" policy for tokenization of securities could become significant positives for the digital asset market.

According to Protos, Bitcoin Core developers recently disclosed a high-risk vulnerability numbered CVE-2024-52911, which affects versions 0.14.1 to 28.4, allowing miners to remotely crash other users' nodes and execute code by mining specially crafted blocks.The vulnerability was discovered and responsibly disclosed by developer Cory Fields in November 2024. The fix was merged in December of that year and released with version v29 in April 2025. The last vulnerable 28.x version series was discontinued on April 19, 2026.However, since upgrading Bitcoin full nodes is voluntary, it is estimated that about 43% of nodes are still running the vulnerable old version software, facing potential risks. Fortunately, the cost of implementing such an attack is extremely high—miners would need to allocate significant computational power to mine invalid blocks that do not yield block rewards—so it is likely that it has never been exploited in practice.

According to CryptoQuant analyst Arab Chain, the number of Bitcoin miner deposit transactions has significantly decreased recently, with the current reading at approximately 8,138 transactions, one of the lowest levels in history. This data once exceeded 100,000 transactions by the end of 2025, reflecting a large amount of Bitcoin deposited by miners, which is usually associated with selling intentions or profit-taking. However, since the beginning of 2026, this indicator has shown an overall downward trend, with no clear peak.The current selling pressure from Bitcoin miners has significantly eased, which may provide additional support for the market. The decrease in transaction numbers not only indicates a reduction in deposit amounts but also suggests a lower frequency of transfers to exchanges, reflecting a more conservative behavior among miners.

In the first quarter of 2026, public Bitcoin miners sold over 32,000 BTC, setting a record liquidation, while shifting capital towards AI infrastructure due to rising mining costs.

According to monitoring by Lookonchain, the miner "3PFNdg" sold 265.19 BTC, worth 18.06 million USD. It is reported that the last time this miner sold Bitcoin was 2 years ago.