l2

Kelp announced on platform X that the rsETH protocol has fully resumed normal operation, and the related functions have been re-launched on the mainnet and all Layer 2 networks, with the overall system status restored to normal levels. The rsETH exchange rate has been updated, accounting for all staking reward earnings accumulated during the suspension period. Meanwhile, EIGEN rewards are now open for distribution to rsETH holders, covering the entire suspension period.In addition, the deposit and withdrawal functions have been restored on the mainnet and Layer 2 networks, and the rsETH asset support status has been fully restored to 100% backing. The official emphasized that the current rsETH has achieved complete and sufficient support on the mainnet and L2 networks, and all operational processes have returned to normal.

Aave stated that the first batch of rsETH has been transferred to LayerZero's OFT adapter, and cross-chain operations for rsETH between the mainnet and various L2s have been reopened.This progress means that the previously affected rsETH cross-chain channels have been restored for use, covering the Ethereum mainnet and L2 networks.

The gaming public chain Ronin announced that it will migrate to Ethereum Layer 2 on May 12, during which there will be an approximately 10-hour downtime for on-chain operations. Normal operations will resume after the migration is completed, and its underlying architecture will be built on the OP Stack, with EigenDA integrated as the data availability layer.It is recommended that users unstake RON before the migration date, or the system will automatically unstake for users after the migration is completed. The core goal of this migration is to allow Ronin to leverage Ethereum's security, data availability, and finality capabilities, while injecting mature on-chain gaming infrastructure into the Ethereum ecosystem. As the underlying network for well-known on-chain games like Axie Infinity and Pixels, this move is seen as an important milestone in its ecological development.After the migration is completed, the annual inflation rate of RON will be reduced from over 20% to below 1%, and the treasury will gain continuous income from staking, Sequencer net revenue, and Marketplace fees (which will increase from 0.5% to 1.25%).

DefiLlama founder 0xngmi posted on platform X, stating that after verifying the data, if the funds seized by Arbitrum are prioritized for use in the AAVE market on Arbitrum, Aave will have no bad debt on Arbitrum under the condition that all rsETH share the depreciation.In a scenario where only the value of the mainnet rsETH is guaranteed (ignoring the value of the mapped version of rsETH on Layer 2), Aave will reduce bad debt on Arbitrum by 80%, from $88 million to $17 million.

According to official news, Gate has integrated with the Kasplex L2 network and has opened up Kaspa (KAS) token deposits and withdrawals on the Kasplex L2 network. Users can now transfer KAS from Kaspa L1 to the Kasplex L2 wallet through Gate, significantly lowering the entry barrier and enhancing asset circulation efficiency and on-chain interaction experience.Kasplex is a Layer 2 network built on the Kaspa ecosystem, aimed at improving smart contract compatibility and transaction processing efficiency, supporting a wider range of decentralized applications (dApps) to operate securely and efficiently within the Kaspa ecosystem. As an L2 network ordered by Kaspa L1, Kasplex still uses KAS as its sole network token.

According to Cointelegraph, Edward Felten, co-founder of Offchain Labs, stated in his keynote speech at EthCC 2026 that Ethereum's layer two networks need to introduce a "dynamic pricing" mechanism to support billions of users and reduce fee fluctuations during network congestion.Felten pointed out that the current drastic fluctuations in Gas prices remain the main means of resisting network overload, but this volatility poses a significant barrier to mainstream users. He stated that a dynamic pricing mechanism could accommodate more transaction volume at lower Gas prices while avoiding infrastructure overload.In response, developer Julian Kors noted that the main drawback of dynamic pricing is its predictability, which is lower than that of EIP-1559. Cyprien Grau, head of the Status Network project, believes that while this model improves fee accuracy, it still does not address structural issues— as competition for scaling intensifies, layer two network Gas fees trend towards zero in the long term, and dynamic pricing is essentially still an income model built on continuously depreciating assets.

The privacy chain Aztec Network, supported by a16z, officially launched Alpha Network, becoming the first Ethereum Layer 2 with a complete private smart contract execution environment, which was previously approved by a unanimous community governance vote.Aztec integrates privacy at three levels: private data supports confidential transactions and RWA transfers; private identity allows for selective disclosure to meet compliance requirements; private computation hides on-chain behavior, opening up space for privacy DeFi and gaming applications. Contracts are written in the Rust-style language Noir, with privacy logic executed on the user side to generate zero-knowledge proofs, settling on Ethereum approximately every 12 seconds.However, this launch comes with a significant warning, as Aztec disclosed known serious security vulnerabilities, with auditing still ongoing. The team advises users to only deposit funds they can afford to lose.

The Ethereum Foundation today released a systematic explanation regarding the evolution of the roles of L1 and L2. The core point indicates that as the ecosystem matures, the primary goal of L2 has shifted from "scaling Ethereum" to "providing differentiated functions, customized services, and autonomous controllable areas," while scaling has become a secondary focus.The Foundation has redefined the roles of L1 and L2 as follows:· L1: As a permissionless, highly resilient global settlement layer, it undertakes the functions of shared state, liquidity, and DeFi hub, and must continue to scale while maintaining censorship resistance, open source, privacy, and security.· L2: While developing its own on-chain economy, it will extend Ethereum's core attributes to a broader user base, forming a "full-spectrum" ecosystem.The Foundation clarifies that L2s with the highest integration with L1 should pursue synchronous composability, complete interoperability, shared liquidity, and Stage 2 mechanisms. A large number of L2s with diverse business models and technical expertise will continue to play an important role, providing functionalities that L1 does not possess.The Ethereum Foundation stated that it will continue to invest in technology to help L2 smoothly extend L1's core attributes and securely access cross-layer liquidity, while emphasizing that L2 must maintain transparency and verifiability of its security attributes.

Ethereum founder Vitalik stated, "I think it's a good thing for the Ethereum community to have a bolder and more open mindset, especially regarding the application layer and how we view our place in the world. We should not compromise on core attributes: censorship resistance, open source, privacy, and security (CROPS). Especially at the application layer and in the interface between Ethereum and the outside world, we should be more willing to thoroughly rethink various concepts and step out of our comfort zone.Last year, we began to prioritize privacy and give it equal importance to other types of security. This means that the Ethereum application stack will undergo fundamental changes, as the entire stack has not been built around privacy so far. Great, let's build a completely different Ethereum application stack. An example this year is rethinking the role of L2 from scratch and determining which types of L2 can truly create the greatest synergy and benefits with Ethereum. This also includes cultural factors.For me and others, this is an important part of the "milady" concept. Write down your inherent notions of "decency," crumple them up, and burn them. This mental cleansing will lead to an intellectual cleansing, thereby sparking greater creativity and broadening perspectives. For a long time, our algorithm on Ethereum has been: we have an existing ecosystem, what should we do next to make it better? Now, our algorithm should be: we have a fantastic L1 layer, and it will become even better; we have more and more tools, including those developed inside and outside the ecosystem; based on what we currently know, what is the most valuable?If you were to write the section on applications from the 2014 Ethereum white paper, starting from first principles in areas like DeFi, decentralized social, and identity verification, what would you write? At the very least, please exclude all path dependency issues, assuming the Ethereum chain is currently unused, and you are the first to propose or build the first applications, and see what you would ultimately write. Even if you are currently building existing applications, please do this. This is the secret to revitalizing Ethereum."

According to the official announcement from Coinbase, due to Ronin (RONIN) announcing the migration of its network to a new Ethereum L2, Coinbase will not facilitate this asset migration for its customers.Coinbase will suspend RONIN trading starting at 2 PM ET on March 30, 2026. The current order book has been switched to limit-only mode. Users must transfer RONIN to a compatible self-custody wallet before the project completes the migration; otherwise, assets left on Coinbase will be inaccessible after the migration.

The Ethereum Foundation has announced the establishment of the Platform Team, aimed at building the most powerful Ethereum platform possible, enabling better support for users, applications, and all organizations built on Ethereum at both the L1 and L2 layers.Improving the relationship between L1 and L2 layers to create a mutually reinforcing system across various levels. The Foundation stated that since the introduction of the rollup-centric roadmap five years ago, a chain ecosystem has developed around the Ethereum L1 layer. The early rollup mindset has been replaced by differentiated L2 layer networks, each possessing unique and valuable economic systems, thereby extending Ethereum's core characteristics to millions of users.As Ethereum matures, the Foundation believes that more measures must be taken to build a unified platform that can fully leverage the unique advantages of the Ethereum system (L1 + L2). This includes enhancing the value proposition of L2, optimizing the adoption drivers for L2, enabling it to create value for Ethereum more broadly, guiding the ecosystem towards a more secure, permissionless architecture, and simplifying the process for users and institutions to adopt Ethereum.More importantly, building a strong Ethereum means driving technological improvements to reinforce and enhance Ethereum's core characteristics and unique advantages.

According to tracking data from the Web3 asset data platform RootData X, in the past 7 days, the Ethereum L2 solution Optimism has been the project that X (Twitter) top figures have unfollowed the most. The new influential figures on X who have unfollowed this project include cryptocurrency trader Loomdart (@loomdart), NFT collector Gmoney (@gmoneynft), and 陳威廉 (@williamlab).In addition, the project that X top figures have unfollowed the most also includes OKX Wallet.

According to official news, ENS v2 will be deployed directly on the Ethereum mainnet and will cease the development of its proprietary Layer 2 network Namechain.This decision stems from the Ethereum L1 scaling speed exceeding expectations. After the Fusaka upgrade in 2025, which will raise the Gas limit to 60 million, the Gas cost for ENS registrations has decreased by 99% over the past year, with the average registration fee now below $0.05. Nick.eth stated that although the development of Namechain will stop, the roadmap for ENS v2 remains unchanged, and users will still experience features such as one-step registration, support for cross-chain stablecoin payments, and a completely new registry design.The ENS team believes that staying on L1 can eliminate the additional trust assumptions brought by L2 and leverage Ethereum's strongest infrastructure guarantees. Currently, the brand new ENS App and ENS Explorer have entered public Alpha testing.

The game blockchain Ronin announced that the Saigon testnet has completed its migration to Ethereum, and the mainnet migration to Ethereum L2 is proceeding as planned, expected to be completed between the first and second quarters of 2026.

The Aave governance delegation platform Aave Chan Initiative (ACI) proposed a governance proposal on January 29, suggesting to pause deployments on the three Layer 2 networks of zkSync Era, Metis, and Soneium, citing that these networks contribute very little user activity, TVL, and revenue.ACI pointed out in the proposal, "Over time, it has become clear that only a small number of instances contribute very little user activity, TVL, and revenue, yet service providers and governance participants still need to invest a lot of effort." Currently, zkSync's TVL is approximately $26 million, Soneium around $17 million, and Metis about $9 million.According to DefiLlama data, Aave generated only $714 in revenue on zkSync over the past 30 days, $679 on Metis, and just $150 on Soneium. In contrast, during the same period, it generated over $7.7 million in revenue on the Ethereum mainnet and nearly $300,000 on Base.ACI also proposed that any future new chain deployments must guarantee Aave at least $2 million in annual revenue, arguing that protocol liquidity is often underestimated relative to upfront and ongoing costs. Snapshot voting was launched on the same day.