l2

Nillion announced on platform X that its L2 network will soon cease operations and reminded users holding NIL or ETH to transfer their assets to the Ethereum Layer 1 network (L1) as soon as possible before the network shuts down.

According to The Defiant, Hong Kong company L2 Capital has signed a contract to join the tokenization platform Newton, planning to tokenize equity in a pre-IPO artificial intelligence company valued at $500 million. L2 Capital thus becomes the first partner on this platform being built by Newton Labs.The platform is designed to embed compliance rules directly into each token and verify them before each transfer settlement, thereby implementing regulatory requirements in on-chain transactions. Currently, Newton Labs' platform is still under construction, with L2 Capital being the first partner to connect.

Eli Ben-Sasson, co-founder and CEO of StarkWare, stated that Starknet, as an L2 relying on Ethereum's underlying security, is considering various options, including transitioning to L1, in order to independently control the network security migration process and address the cryptographic risks posed by quantum computing and AI.Starknet is built on ZK-STARK, possesses cryptographic agility, and has developed a post-quantum security migration roadmap. Ethereum plans to achieve full resistance to quantum attacks at L1 by the end of 2029, while Bitcoin has not made a similar commitment. Starknet expects to implement related upgrades as early as 2027.

The consumer-grade Ethereum Layer 2 network Abstract, supported by Pudgy Penguins' parent company Igloo Inc., announced that it will gradually cease operations and officially shut down its mainnet on December 15, 2026. The official reasons given are stagnation in growth, thin liquidity, limitations in the DeFi ecosystem, and insufficient institutional adoption. Abstract warns users that they must transfer their assets across chains before the shutdown date, or they may lose access to their funds.Abstract stated that the network has deployed over 144 applications and has attracted more than 400,000 users through consumer-grade collaborations with brands such as Red Bull Racing and Disney. However, significant changes have occurred in the industry since the project's conception, and the independent chain model focused on consumer-grade crypto has ultimately proven difficult to sustain. Igloo has continuously funded Abstract for the past 18 months, with CEO Luca Netz revealing that cumulative losses have reached tens of millions of dollars. Igloo is now redirecting resources towards Pudgy Penguins and PENGU.In July 2024, Igloo completed a financing round of over $11 million led by Founders Fund, aimed at developing Abstract and leveraging Pudgy Penguins' distribution capabilities to bring consumers on-chain. The network launched its mainnet in January 2025. Netz stated that Igloo ultimately decided not to issue Abstract tokens and would not continue funding the network at the expense of Pudgy Penguins' business.

Core contributor of the Ethereum Economic Zone (EEZ) Eduardo Antuña posted on the X platform, stating that the Ethereum mainnet has successfully executed the first atomic cross-chain transaction from L1 to L2, marking the official implementation of atomic synchronous composability on the mainnet, no longer remaining in the theoretical stage.Eduardo Antuña pointed out that this is just the starting point for EEZ to promote cross-layer synchronous interaction and liquidity unification in Ethereum.

According to Gate market data, due to network revenue being unable to cover maintenance costs, the Layer 2 network Blast announced it will cease operations. Following this announcement, South Korea's two major cryptocurrency exchanges, Upbit and Bithumb, have placed BLAST on their trading watchlists. BLAST has cumulatively dropped over 40%, currently priced at $0.0002433, with a market capitalization of approximately $24 million.

GIWA official account (@GIWA_by_Upbit) issued a statement clarifying that the project's mainnet has not yet been launched and that RPC has never been online, so there is no risk of any RPC leakage. Users are reminded to do their own research (DYOR) and to be wary of FUD and scam information. It is reported that GIWA is an Ethereum L2 project developed by Dunamu, the parent company of Upbit, based on the OP Stack, aiming to achieve a 1-second block time and be compatible with EVM. It is currently still in the testnet phase.

According to official news from Kinetiq, the first L2 network of the Hyperliquid ecosystem, Elysium, has launched its testnet.It is reported that Elysium is a general-purpose, high-performance L2 network built specifically for Hyperliquid, settling to HyperEVM, and co-located with HyperCore, with HYPE as its native gas token. Elysium is currently running Conduit’s G2 sequencer on an architecture that meets SOC II Type 2 standards.

Superseed officially announced that its Superseed L2 chain is shutting down, and the window for bridging back to Ethereum has now closed. The team has taken a snapshot of the final network state at block 31,688,848.Wallets holding 10,000 or more SUPR that have not yet completed the bridging will be able to claim SUPR in the claim portal that will go live in the coming weeks. Superseed stated that the first phase of its new application has launched on Ethereum, with more products to be released in the future.

DeFi researcher Ignas stated that Robinhood previously set a record of over $6 million in daily transaction fees, with about 10% flowing to Arbitrum, while the revenue ultimately distributed to Ethereum L1 was "pitifully small."Ignas believes that this model may not be entirely unacceptable. Just as Uber initially used subsidies to achieve growth, Ethereum might attract traditional financial businesses into its ecosystem through L2 and gradually increase "rent" after a high conversion cost is established in the ecosystem. However, if Ethereum developers can formulate a clear strategy to first attract more L2 and then monetize once the conversion costs are sufficiently high, this could actually become a favorable long-term business model for L1. Yet, there is currently no clear strategy seen in Ethereum's roadmap, and he questioned, "Am I misunderstanding?"

Renowned Ethereum builder and investor Ryan Berckmans posted on X, stating that the idea that Robinhood "gives back very little to ETH" is nonsense. They pay on-chain users and new ETH holders, conduct marketing, attract new enterprise clients envious of Robinhood's success, and help mature L1 hubs radiate to L2. Half of Robinhood's active users come from other places in Ethereum and exert healthy competitive pressure on Base.He mentioned that Ethereum alignment is a real concept, but it is not portrayed as income maximization by Ethereum opponents. Helping to grow Ethereum and ETH is alignment, while threatening Ethereum or ETH is misalignment, such as during Lido's dominance. Robinhood is one of the most Ethereum-aligned entities globally. Buying large amounts of ETH or not selling order fees would be better, but this is just icing on the cake of an already huge pie.We do not rely on Robinhood to buy ETH to win. The next batch of Tom Lee will buy ETH, Wall Street Tom Lee, corporate Tom Lee, government Tom Lee, family office Tom Lee, sovereign wealth Tom Lee will be everywhere. ETH will reach trillions in value storage as Ethereum goes global. The two major indicators measuring the progress of value storage are L1 application capital and the number of sufficiently successful L2s, and Robinhood helps grow the latter. We like Robinhood as it is now.

According to Defillama data, in the past day, on-chain funds have significantly concentrated on the Ethereum mainnet and a few established Layer 1s. Ethereum saw a net inflow of $46.47 million, approximately 4.5 times that of the second place Solana; on the other hand, Robinhood Chain, Arbitrum, Hyperliquid, and others experienced a total net outflow of over $100 million, reflecting a "rebalancing of funds back to Ethereum and withdrawal from Layer 2." Robinhood Chain became the largest net outflow entity of the day.This brokerage Layer 2, which launched in July 2026 and is based on Arbitrum Orbit, has seen high trading volumes in meme and tokenized stocks over the past two months, with on-chain transaction fees at one point surpassing those of Ethereum, Solana, and Base; however, daily bridging funds have now turned into a net outflow. Arbitrum, Base, and Polygon all turned red, with the four major Layer 2s (including Robinhood) experiencing a total net outflow of approximately $69.55 million. The perpetual contract public chain Hyperliquid had a net outflow of $18.34 million, nearly on par with Arbitrum. The new chain for stablecoin settlements is also bleeding: Tether's Plasma saw an outflow of $13.27 million, while Tempo, incubated by Stripe, and Stable from the Tether ecosystem experienced outflows of $3.45 million and $2.99 million, respectively.

According to CryptoSlate, the Ethereum Layer 2 network Silicon announced that it has stopped accepting new bridging deposits as of September 2 and has initiated the shutdown process. Users must withdraw all assets by December 31, after which the network and block explorer will go offline, and remaining assets will be unrecoverable.There are still approximately $9.75 million in assets on-chain, including USDC ($2.66 million), WBTC ($2.54 million), ETH ($2.08 million), and USDT ($1.85 million). Assets bridged from the Ethereum mainnet can be directly withdrawn during the window period, but tokens issued directly on Silicon cannot be bridged directly and can only rely on the remaining on-chain liquidity for exchange, which may become increasingly difficult as the shutdown progresses. Silicon's Web3 wallet will also be deactivated.

ARK Invest researcher Lorenzo Valente compares Ethereum, Solana, and Hyperliquid to McDonald's, Chipotle, and In-N-Out, respectively, believing that the three are not different versions of the same L1 business model, but rather have completely different value capture structures.Valente believes that Ethereum is similar to a franchise system, expanding through L2 but charging too little on the settlement layer, even claiming it has established the most successful franchise system in crypto, yet forgot to send the bill; Solana resembles a direct sales model, retaining more value within its own system through transaction fees, priority fees, and MEV; Hyperliquid relies on highly vertical integration, no VC, and fee buybacks of HYPE, possessing the shortest value capture chain, but facing risks of a more concentrated product, team, and revenue sources.

HyperliquidNews posted on platform X: Kinetiq announced the launch of Elysium L2 based on Hyperliquid.

The long-established public chain Gnosis Chain's proposal GIP-153 to transform from a sovereign independent L1 to a highly aligned Ethereum L2 has officially been approved. On the eve of the voting deadline, several official affiliated addresses, including Gnosis co-founder StefanDGeorge, concentrated their votes in favor, successfully meeting the quorum requirement. This proposal was jointly initiated by Gnosis founder tw_tter and core members, aiming to free Gnosis Chain from the traditional PoS L1's insufficient security and inflation subsidy drawbacks, directly inheriting the security of Ethereum validators, and becoming the first to achieve synchronous composability as an Ethereum L2.

According to Cointelegraph, Nansen's CEO Alex Svanevik stated in a recent interview that Robinhood is unlikely to launch a token, as this could create competition with its publicly traded stock HOOD.Alex Svanevik pointed out that the Layer 2 network currently launched by Robinhood is already operating based on the Ethereum ecosystem and has a Gas token for paying network fees, so there is no need to issue an additional platform token. He believes that the core purpose of Robinhood's layout of blockchain infrastructure is to enhance product capabilities using blockchain technology, rather than financing through token issuance or building a new economic model.Previously, the market speculated that Robinhood might follow some crypto projects to launch an ecosystem token, but it seems that the company is more likely to use blockchain as an underlying technological tool rather than building a business system around tokens.

Chairman of Bitmine, Tom Lee, posted on the X platform stating that Ethereum is expected to become the most widely used settlement layer for finance and AI agents, "ETH is the on-chain currency."In addition, in the interview content he shared, Tom Lee also responded to the market's concern that Ethereum is being eroded by Layer 2. He expressed disagreement and pointed out that although Layer 2 networks have attracted tens of millions of real-world users into the on-chain ecosystem, the Ethereum mainnet is still further consolidating its position as the primary economic settlement center, with the Fast Confirmation mechanism able to reduce transfer friction by about 98%.