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first_img Delphi Digital: Electricity is a greater constraint on AI computing power deployment than chips

On October 29, the cryptocurrency research institution Delphi Digital released a report titled "The AI Boom Has a Power Problem," authored by Accelxr. The report states that deployable AI computing power depends on chip supply, as well as sites that are powered, cooled, and connected to the grid. Electricity is harder to supplement in the short term than chips, as chip production capacity can expand quarterly, while new power generation and transmission take years.The report cites data indicating that the PJM capacity auction has cleared at the price cap for three consecutive times, with the last two still falling short of reliability targets by 6.6 to 6.8 GW, marking the first time such a gap has occurred in the history of this auction. The scale of large load queues in Texas ERCOT increased from 63 GW at the end of 2024 to 474 GW in June, with about 90% being data centers; the governor requested an audit of the data centers in the queue in August, and ERCOT subsequently suspended power approval for data centers and cryptocurrency miners of 75 MW and above, including 17 projects that had passed stability studies.The report also states that U.S. data centers are expected to account for about 4.7% of the nation's electricity consumption in 2024, with LBNL predicting an increase to 9.5% to 15.3% by 2030, and EPRI estimating a maximum of 17%. In a 1 GW facility, chip depreciation is about $2.8 billion to $3.3 billion per year, equivalent to about $8 million per day. SemiAnalysis predicts that by 2028, the U.S. will have over 40 GW of data center capacity utilizing behind-the-meter power sources; the delivery cycle for large gas turbines is about five years, with GE Vernova, Siemens Energy, and Mitsubishi Heavy Industries forming an oligopoly. Wood Mackenzie expects gas turbine prices to reach $600 per kilowatt by the end of 2027, nearly three times the level of 2019.

HP and Dell are concerned about circuit board supply in 2027, Amazon invests in Jinxing Electronics

The shortage caused by the AI boom has extended from GPUs and memory to circuit boards. When planning their supply chains for 2027, HP and Dell found that even previously inconspicuous printed circuit boards could face shortages. In September this year, Amazon invested approximately 1.59 billion New Taiwan Dollars in Taiwanese circuit board manufacturer Gold Circuit Electronics, transitioning from customer to shareholder.AI servers require circuit boards with more layers and lower signal loss, and chip packaging substrates are becoming larger, driving up the demand for key materials such as specialty fiberglass cloth and copper-clad laminates. Suppliers prioritize fulfilling more profitable AI orders, squeezing ordinary servers, with some ordinary server circuit board delivery times approaching one year.It is difficult for the production capacity of key materials to keep up with demand in the short term. TrendForce estimates that Japan's Nitto Denko controls about 90% of the global T-glass specialty fiberglass cloth market, with new production capacity not expected to come online until mid-2027 at the earliest. The chairman of Taiwanese substrate manufacturer Unimicron Technology warned on October 20 that some key materials could be short by about 20% by 2027, with delivery times for some chip substrate production equipment extending to as long as 30 months.

first_img Electrum Bitcoin wallet fixes the theft vulnerability with a fee increase

On October 24, the Bitcoin lightweight wallet Electrum disclosed a malicious server attack targeting transaction fee increases and fixed it in version 4.8.3, corresponding to GitHub security advisory GHSA-6jp4-8v48-cc5v. Users may inadvertently sign funds over to the attacker when performing regular fee increases on transactions. Developers stated that the issue arose after users reported losing funds after signing fee increases.The results of two reports differed: one person discovered that transactions in the wallet history were replaced after broadcasting a payment and claimed that the original payment did not enter the Bitcoin peer-to-peer network and was withheld by the server; another person, Raju-K12, reported losing funds due to the fee increase on the replaced transaction. In the attack, the malicious server withheld new transactions broadcasted by the client and inserted a conflicting transaction into the history, replacing the original output with the attacker's address. The replacement transaction was signed invalidly at that time, but the lightweight client did not verify these signatures before displaying unconfirmed transactions; after the user manually increased the fee and signed through RBF, the attacker received the funds. Both individuals claimed that the last four digits of the attacker's address were the same as those of the legitimate receiving address. The announcement did not disclose the amount stolen, transaction identifiers, or the attacker's address.The patch corresponds to commit 90fe308, which checks the signatures of the wallet's own inputs before writing memory pool transactions to local history, but does not overwrite inputs from external addresses of the wallet and does not perform complete consensus verification. The announcement suggests that users who have not upgraded should verify the output address and amount each time they sign; clients connected to their own or trusted servers are not affected by this attack. On the timeline, the issue was first privately disclosed on October 11, received reports of fee loss on October 18, the fixed version was tagged on October 23, and the binary and public disclosure occurred on October 24.
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